GIT AND GITHUB

The Version Control System – Git and GitHub

What is Git?

  Git is open free source distributed control system designed to handle everything from small projects to large project with speed and efficiency. Git actually create local repository on our computer.

Why should we learn Git?

Git is most popular version control system. Let’s talk about manage our projects files. Project can have so many files like html, xml. Git keep track of every change in our application. If we want to see out code which we have written a month ago then Git is very helpful and we can see what date and time we have made change to our data.

Git Features-

1. Compatibility- Git is compatible with all the operating systems. Git repositories can be accessed from other version control systems.

2. Collaboration-Git is widely used because it supports collaboration. Git helps compare, track and merge changes in a code. Git enhances productivity. Git supports continuous changes and merge multiple changes together.

3. Feature branches –Git allows make changes in the project without affecting the original version. Any branch can be changed and merge together in master branch.  

4. Lightweight- Git stores data from centre repositories to local repository while cloning is done. It is much efficient to fetch data from local repository.

5. Save Data – GitHub eliminates the risk of losing data of an individual developer’s system crash as it keeps the data on a central repository.

How it works

Step 1-Firstly to start with git, we have to download Git on our computer.  After installation, you will be able to see a folder Git bash and Git GUI. Open Git bash where you can write all the commands.

(Git – version)  Print the git suite version .

(Git config )  Get and set repository or global option

Step 2-Create a local Git Repository and initialise the Git repository  by git -init command

Step 3 -Add a new file to repository by using touch command then you can use Git status command to see the files which git knows exist.

 Step 4-(Staging) It controls what’s get committed , if you have added and modified some files, you need to stage those commits into the staging area. You can stage individual file and all files at once. It tells git to put into commit.

By using this command      git add -A

Step  5-(Commit) Nothing will save in git until we actually commit . A commit is the record of which files you have changed since the last time you made a commit.

GitHub service – In GitHub, there is the remote repository that is created on server. GitHub is Git repository hosting service. GitHub is a website that hosts Git Repositories online, making it easier for developers to share code.

Step 1- Create a new repository on GitHub

Step 2- Push a branch to GitHub by using this command-

git push origin master

Step 3- Create a pull request (PR request)

Step 4- Merge pull request

Step 5- Get changes on GitHub back to your computer by using this command-

git pull origin master

Let’s take an example, Suppose we go on holiday for a week .Our co-worker make a change. We see new commits. Then, we can pull changes to our local machine by this command- (Git pull origin master) so that we can see at our machine. Now I want to make some changes and  stage the change by adding  into staging area by this command (git add –A) and check the status by (Git status) command and commit it by (git commit) command. If we use this command (git push origin master) , we can see updated file at remote repository.

Gitignore – There are some files you don’t want to commit and you say git to ignore some files. If there are some files, you want to ignore in all repositories on your computer , you can put them in a global .gitignore file.

What kind of files you should ignore??

Log files

Files with secrets, Credentials or sensitive information

Dependencies which can be generated from package manager